EMC2

Recommended Use:As a dietary supplement, take one capsule per day with a meal, or as directed by your health care practitioner.

Nutritional Report

EMC2, (also known in the research literature as GPC or L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine or choline alfoscerate), is a naturally occurring molecule in all the body’s cells and mother’s milk. EMC2 is an ‘activated’ form of choline, the difference stemming from the addition of a phosphate and glycerol group (see diagram below).

Unlike phosphatidylcholine, EMC2 is water soluble, it crosses the blood-brain barrier, and it requires less energy on the pathway to acetylcholine synthesis or the addition of specific brain fatty acids such as DHA.

In humans, EMC2 taken by mouth is well absorbed and increases plasma levels of choline for up to ten hours. Research with animals using radio labeled EMC2 suggests EMC2 becomes incorporated into many other regulatory and structural molecules with various functions:
• a methyl group source for gene-level and other metabolic control
• as a precursor to acetylcholine, which is used in the brain as a neurotransmitter and the rest of the body as a messenger regulator (muscle contraction, organ function, skin tone, blood vessel volume, platelet aggregation)
• for incorporation into choline phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in every cell membrane and myelin sheath

At least twenty-three clinical trials have been done with EMC2, all of them with positive outcomes:
• improvements in attention, mental focus, recall, and other higher mental
• functions (cognition), including in young healthy subjects, whether linked to poor brain circulation or of the Alzheimer’s type
• brain recovery following a stroke or other circulatory injuries
• revitalizes master hormone functions from pituitary control (such as growth hormone) in the elderly

The typical oral doses of EMC2 used in most trials were 1200 mg per day in divided doses, in order to maintain the plasma levels at a high level throughout 24 hours.

EMC2 had superior benefits when compared with other dietary cholinergic precursors such as choline and phosphatidylcholine. EMC2 outperformed the nutraceutical citicholine (cytidine diphosphocholine or CDP-choline) in three direct comparison trials.

In comparison with prescription drugs, EMC2 was shown to be:
• better than Oxiracetam
• similar to Donepezil and superior to Rivastigmine, both of which are acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs

In all the trials EMC2 improved overall clinical symptoms such as:
• cognition, affective symptoms, and somatic symptoms such as fatigue and dizziness
• memory, attention, other cognitive measures, and mood
• disorientation, irritability, emotional stability, and indifference to surroundings
In a study of advanced Alzheimer’s patients, EMC2 performed roughly twice as well as acetyl-L-carnitine.

The largest stroke trial used 176 hospital centers within Italy and 2,044 patients and showed that EMC2 significantly helped more than 95 percent of the patients.

EMC2 supports other neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA41, improves EEG (electroencephalographic) patterns, and reduces the delta or ‘slow waves’ which are increased during aging or accelerated cognitive deterioration.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.